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CONSECUENCIAS DEL ESTRÉS LABORAL

Estrés laboral: puede provocar incluso la muerte

La presión en las sociedades industrializadas y globalizadas puede llevar a un individuo a sufrir de estrés laboral. En este artículo analizaremos qué es estrés laboral, sus consecuencias, el extremo de la depresión y cómo conseguir el bienestar.

¿Qué es el estrés laboral?

El estrés laboral se produce por situaciones de tensión que llegan a superar al trabajador afectando el desempeño organizacional. El individuo manifiesta su situación de desánimo en el trabajo de la siguiente manera:

  • Irritabilidad.
  • Cansancio mental y físico.
  • Reducción de la productividad.
  • Desmotivación.
  • Conducta llena de rabia hasta violenta.
  • Frustración por no tener el control de la situación.

Causas que ocasionan el estrés laboral

Si no se gestiona una correcta productividad laboral, y el crecimiento personal comienza a ser una obsesión puede deberse a los siguientes motivos:

  • Excesiva carga de trabajo.
  • Acoso laboral.
  • Mala planificación en los horarios.
  • Poca o ninguna motivación y recompensas.
  • Asignación de funciones incongruentes con las capacidades del trabajador.
  • Situaciones de conflictos en la organización.
  • Exposición de riesgo constante.
  • Despidos injustificados o inestabilidad laboral.

Estas causas suelen afligir a unos trabajadores más que otros, es decir, no todos actúan por igual. Hay algunos que logran controlar esta situación, hay otros que el trabajo todos los días se le convierte en pesadilla.

El estrés es un mecanismo de defensa que nos prepara para enfrentar situaciones inesperadas. Cuando esta respuesta fisiológica se acelera y se mantiene de forma prolongada puede dar pie a numerosas afecciones de salud.

Estrés laboral

Consecuencias del estrés laboral

  1. La productividad laboral se ve afectada por el ausentismo de las funciones del trabajador producto de la merma de salud.
  2. Abandono del crecimiento personal del empleado o empleador.
  3. Desconcentración.
  4. Baja autoestima
  5. Insomnio.
  6. Pocas relaciones interpersonales con los demás compañeros.
  7. Reducción de las relaciones familiares

Estas son algunas de las consecuencias producto del agotamiento físico y mental, sin embargo, hay otros problemas de salud crónicos. Existen diferentes teorías que demuestran en la práctica que es posible tener un nivel de estrés proclive a la mortandad.

Síndrome de Burnout en el estrés laboral

Se trata de un excesivo nivel de estrés hasta el punto de consumirse en el trabajo. La productividad laboral se ve afectada por la desmotivación y cambios en el comportamiento. El cambio de conducta se presenta en malos tratos hacia los demás, motivado por la falta de crecimiento personal.

Con el tiempo prologando de situaciones de estrés, las capacidades cognitivas se ven mermadas y reducen la productividad laboral. Esto genera olvidos intermitentes y dificultad para aprender actividades nuevas. Aunque nos referimos especialmente a patologías psíquicas, esto se puede somatizar en:

  • Dolores musculares en las articulaciones como tendinitis y contracturas musculares.
  • Problemas gastrointestinales intensos.
  • Afecciones de la piel.
  • Dolores de cabeza.
  • Mareos.
  • Pérdida de peso o por lo contrario padecer obesidad.
  • Reducción del apetito sexual.
  • Dificultades cardiovasculares.
  • Provoca un sistema inmunológico más débil, prologando la duración de las infecciones en vuestro cuerpo.

El estrés laboral deja el terreno servido para el Karoshi

Una joven de 32 años de edad que trabajaba en Telecom Francia, revela una situación de inconformidad laboral. Al ver que no podía cumplir con el crecimiento personal y la productividad laboral, decidió lanzarse desde su oficina. Antes de suicidarse, envió un correo a su padre diciendo que era el número 23 que se quitaría la vida. No aceptaba la reforma del servicio y la actitud del liderazgo, prefería perder su vida que seguir en ese ambiente.

Entre los años 2008 y 2009 se confirmaron en dicha empresa 35 empleados que se suicidaron. El director, Didier Lombard, después de que había dicho que esto era “una moda” en la empresa, tuvo que renunciar. Otro caso, fue en Bank of America Merryl Linch, un pasante de 21 años murió después de una jornada intensa. Resulta que el joven laboró por 3 días continuos sin parar, la causa de su muerte exceso de trabajo.

Estos ejemplos dan paso para explicar el término japonés Karoshi, definido como muerte por exceso de trabajo. Según el gobierno japonés 150 personas mueren de Karoshi al año. La muerte súbita puede alcanzar a una persona completamente sana, todo por el estrés laboral. Horas interminables de trabajo reducen la productividad laboral y el crecimiento personal, los pocos espacios para la distracción pueden causarlo.

Como combatir el estrés laboral

Algunas empresas se han dedicado a favorecer la productividad laboral colocando beneficios a sus trabajadores como:

  • Gimnasios in Company, tal es el caso de la empresa Siemens.
  • Planes vacacionales.
  • Servicios de salud laboral.
  • Espacios para el descansa y la distracción.
  • Entre otras actividades de esparcimiento.

También podemos nosotros mismos tomar previsiones propias para no ser afectados por el estrés laboral. Por ello, toma nota y cumple para mejorar tu crecimiento personal. Los aspectos a considerar son:

  • Practica yoga o meditación al levantarse y al acostarse para liberar el estrés, además de facilitar el sueño.
  • Tener una dieta balanceada.
  • Realizar 30 minutos de ejercicio diarios, así sea caminar.
  • Duerme como mínimo 8 horas su cuerpo se lo agradecerá.
  • Practica actividades diferentes y que sean de su agrado como: cantar, cocinar, bailar, estar con la familia, entre otras.
  • Dedica tiempo a evaluar su crecimiento personal, con la finalidad de saber que puede mejorar en su calidad de vida.

Estrés laboral en España

País con mayor estrés en Europa, mantiene un porcentaje del 60% de trabajadores con este padecimiento. Según el estudio revelado en febrero 2018 la causa de accidentes laborales es producto del estrés físico y psicológico.

Por lo tanto, las empresas tienen que mejorar la calidad de vida de sus trabajadores, en función de la ergonomía. Un empleado satisfecho con su crecimiento personal y profesional hará las tareas motivado y con mayor productividad laboral.

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